{"id":11269,"date":"2026-04-12T14:25:25","date_gmt":"2026-04-12T18:25:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/michelpratt.quebec\/wp\/?p=11269"},"modified":"2026-04-17T10:42:53","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T14:42:53","slug":"le-parlement-de-la-province-du-canada-incendie-a-montreal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/michelpratt.quebec\/?p=11269","title":{"rendered":"Le parlement de la province du Canada incendi\u00e9 \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Le parlement de la province du Canada, \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, est incendi\u00e9.<\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 744px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-11269-1\" width=\"744\" height=\"496\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/michelpratt.quebec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ultra-realistic_1849_riot_and_fire_crakling_at_the_Canada_parliament_in_Montreal__realistic_animatio_seed2161098380-1.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/michelpratt.quebec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ultra-realistic_1849_riot_and_fire_crakling_at_the_Canada_parliament_in_Montreal__realistic_animatio_seed2161098380-1.mp4\">https:\/\/michelpratt.quebec\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Ultra-realistic_1849_riot_and_fire_crakling_at_the_Canada_parliament_in_Montreal__realistic_animatio_seed2161098380-1.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<h6>L\u2019incendie du Parlement de Montr\u00e9al, qui s\u2019est produit le 25\u00a0avril 1849, demeure l\u2019un des \u00e9pisodes les plus dramatiques et les plus sombres de l\u2019histoire politique du Canada. \u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, Montr\u00e9al \u00e9tait la capitale de la province du Canada, et le gouvernement l\u00e9gislatif s&rsquo;installa au march\u00e9 Sainte-Anne, un imposant b\u00e2timent pour l\u2019\u00e9poque, b\u00e2ti de 1832 \u00e0 1834. Celui-ci est alors situ\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#8217;emplacement ouest de la place d&rsquo;Youville dans le Vieux-Montr\u00e9al, entre les rues McGill et Saint-Pierre.<\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Une pression sociale intense<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h6>Le feu qui s&rsquo;est d\u00e9clar\u00e9 n&rsquo;\u00e9tait pas le r\u00e9sultat d&rsquo;un hasard : il \u00e9tait plut\u00f4t le produit d&rsquo;une man\u0153uvre politique. Le projet de loi sur la compensation des pertes subies durant la r\u00e9bellion \u00e9tait \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine de la controverse. Le but de ce projet \u00e9tait de compenser les r\u00e9sidents du Bas-Canada pour les biens endommag\u00e9s lors des soul\u00e8vements de 1837-1838.<\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6>Pour les anglophones conservateurs et le parti Tory, cette loi \u00e9tait inacceptable : elle \u00e9tait per\u00e7ue comme une r\u00e9compense accord\u00e9e aux anciens rebelles fran\u00e7ais gr\u00e2ce aux fonds des loyalistes. Lorsque le gouverneur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, Lord Elgin, l\u2019a officiellement approuv\u00e9e le 25 avril, la col\u00e8re a \u00e9clat\u00e9.<\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Les faits<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h6>Au terme d\u2019une soir\u00e9e marqu\u00e9e par la col\u00e8re aliment\u00e9e notamment par <em>The Gazette<\/em>, une foule d\u2019individus r\u00e9volt\u00e9s s\u2019est rassembl\u00e9e sur la place du Champ-de-Mars. Ils se sont ensuite dirig\u00e9s vers le parlement, o\u00f9 les \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont rapidement d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9\u00a0: des manifestants ont bris\u00e9 les fen\u00eatres \u00e0 coups de pierres alors que les d\u00e9put\u00e9s \u00e9taient encore en session ; des \u00e9meutiers ont p\u00e9n\u00e9tr\u00e9 dans le b\u00e2timent et ont mis le feu aux conduites de gaz.<\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6>Les flammes se sont propag\u00e9es avec une rapidit\u00e9 foudroyante. Au-del\u00e0 des murs, un incendie a d\u00e9truit les deux biblioth\u00e8ques parlementaires, an\u00e9antissant plus de 25 000 livres rares et des archives historiques inestimables.<\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Montr\u00e9al perd son statut de capitale politique<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h6>En raison de l\u2019incapacit\u00e9 de la ville \u00e0 assurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des institutions parlementaires, Montr\u00e9al a perdu son statut de capitale. Le gouvernement est ensuite devenu nomade, alternant entre Qu\u00e9bec et Toronto, avant qu\u2019Ottawa ne soit finalement choisie par la reine Victoria.<\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>L\u2019affirmation du gouvernement responsable\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h6>Le gouverneur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Lord Elgin a refus\u00e9 de retirer la loi. Ce geste a renforc\u00e9 le principe du gouvernement responsable soutenu par le Parti r\u00e9formiste de La Fontaine et de Baldwin, qui stipule que le gouverneur ne devait pas s\u2019opposer aux lois adopt\u00e9es par les d\u00e9put\u00e9s \u00e9lus par le peuple.<\/h6>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6>Des fouilles arch\u00e9ologiques majeures ont eu lieu au fil des ans sur le site, mettant au jour les vestiges calcin\u00e9s de ce qui fut, jadis, le centre politique du pays.<\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le parlement de la province du Canada, \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, est incendi\u00e9. &nbsp; L\u2019incendie du Parlement de Montr\u00e9al, qui s\u2019est produit le 25\u00a0avril 1849, demeure l\u2019un des \u00e9pisodes les plus dramatiques et les plus sombres de l\u2019histoire politique du Canada. \u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, Montr\u00e9al \u00e9tait la capitale de la province du Canada, et le gouvernement l\u00e9gislatif [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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